Fast forward to five years ago when we started sourcing khadi for ethically conscious designers in the UK. Early interactions with khadi institutions made me wonder if the idea of small decentralised khadi units might just have been an idealist’s dream. These small khadi units were struggling, with many closing down. The khadi units that had survived tended to be large, governed by bureaucracies and with minimal accountability to spinners and weavers. None of the khadi units were making their own slivers. It turns out that khadi is now made with different rules. To get the official khadi certification, khadi units must use slivers from six central sliver making facilities in India, owned and operated by the same government owned certification agency. Gandhi’s khadi which had helped forge a new national identity to organise communities and to confront British rule seemed to have disappeared.
Fortunately, the disappointment was not long lived. Further explorations led me to innovative initiatives spread across India reinforcing Gandhi’s vision of khadi in a modern context.
Malkha is an early and inspiring example of these innovations. The Malkha journey began in the late 1990’s when Dastkar Andhra, an NGO which was supporting skilled traditional weavers in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, realised that their forts to ensure an adequate supply of mill yarn for weavers was leading nowhere. A search for solutions led to developing their own appropriate technology, with an old abandoned khadi machine as a starting point. Success took years of tinkering, persistence and collaboration. A softer yarn, a result of using cotton bolls and not cotton bales, was a bonus. But this posed further challenges, requiring changes in loom design and persuading weavers to adapt. In the end it all come together, resulting in a unique fabric – Malkha.
Khamir in the desert district of Kutch in Gujarat has brought a new life to the weavers with the revival of an ancient drought-resistant variety of cotton, kala cotton. Kutch now has its own spinning mill specially designed for processing the short staple kala cotton. Womenweave in Madhya Pradesh has focused on training women weavers, using both khadi and mill yarn. Gopuri is making progress with promoting organic cotton and upgrading old ginning machines and carders. Groups across the country are reviving indigenous cotton varieties and promoting organic farming. Solar technology for small scale textile production is evolving at a rapid pace. There is a momentum for change.
Khadi defined as a dispersed, democratic and decentralised textile production system with zero or low chemical and carbon footprints has the potential to become a force for change. Not just in India but globally.
What is Khadi ?
